International Conference on Lung & Respiratory Diseases October 19-20, 2020 Paris, France

Biography:

Segundo Mesa Castillo. As Specialist in Neurology, he worked for 10 years in the Institute of Neurology of Havana, Cuba.  He has worked in Electron Microscopic Studies on Schizophrenia for 32 years. He was awarded with the International Price of the Stanley Foundation Award Program and for the Professional Committee to work as a fellowship position in the Laboratory of the Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke under Dr. Joseph Gibbs for a period of 6 months, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Washington D.C. USA, June 5, 1990.

Abstract:

There is increasing evidences that favor the prenatal beginning of schizophrenia. These evidences point toward intra-uterine environmental factors that act specifically during the second pregnancy trimester producing a direct damage of the brain of the fetus. The current available technology doesn't allow observing what is happening at cellular level since the human brain is not exposed  to a direct analysis in that stage of the life in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Methods. In 1977 we began a direct electron microscopic research of the brain of fetuses at high risk from schizophrenic mothers in order to finding differences at cellular level in relation to controls. Results. In these studies we have observed within the nuclei of neurons the presence of complete and incomplete viral particles that reacted in positive form with antibodies to herpes simplex hominis type I [HSV1] virus, and mitochondria alterations. Conclusion. The importance of these findings can have practical applications in the prevention of the illness keeping in mind its direct relation to the aetiology and physiopathology of schizophrenia. A study of amniotic fluid cells in women at risk of having a schizophrenic offspring is considered. Of being observed the same alterations that those observed previously in the cells of the brain of the studied foetuses, it would intend to these women in risk of having a schizophrenia descendant, previous information of the results, the voluntary medical interruption of the pregnancy or an early anti HSV1 viral treatment as preventive measure of the later development of the illness.

Biography:

Kathleen received her Ph.D. in Microbiology from Colorado State University (2009). As a research fellow at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda,MD) she was involved in the clinical trial program in China, in vitro and in vivo studies to access the anti-TB drug efficacy, and biomarker studies. Kathleen dedicated 8 years to field work and project management as a TB diagnostic and laboratory specialist with Medecìns Sans Frontières, Stanford University School of Medicine, KNCV TB Foundation/USAID projects.  She is a member for the WHO Global Laboratory Initiatives (GLI) and other global diagnostic consortiums.

Abstract:

Today the global TB community calls for strong actions and commitments from local governments to address priority gaps to “End TB” by 2035.  Over many decades, resources have poured into TB control programs with very little progress in preventing disease, stopping transmission, and identify cases with TB disease (all forms).  The WHO 2018 Global TB report identifies that only 64% of the annual estimated 10 million new cases of “active” TB were detected and notified in 2017, leaving a gap of 36% undiagnosed. Of the 5.5 million new and relapse pulmonary TB patients notified globally in 2017, only 56% were bacteriologically confirmed. This demonstrates a continued reliance on clinical diagnosis by symptom screening or abnormalities on chest radiography. Further, the new WHO TB prevention and control guidance pushes countries to implement and increase active case finding strategies which includes the identification of 25% of the world population infected with latent TB.  In order to truly impact the current TB epidemic, the role of accurate diagnosis is critical for all forms and states of this disease.  This presentation will outline current areas for research and developments within the diagnostic pipeline for TB and outline critical gaps and challenges in getting new technologies to the patients in high burden low-to-middle income countries.

Biography:

Dr. Soma received her PhD in Organic Chemistry from the Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan, Iran. Ongoing research in Soma’s lab focuses on developing novel organic synthesis of heterocyclic compounds for biological and pharmaceutical evaluation. Biological based studies of chemicals and organic products have revealed important several attractive drug targets that could be used for the development of new treatment options. Her research interests include synthesis and identification of novel heterocyclic compounds with medicinal properties, medicinal chemistry, photochemistry and biochemistry.

Abstract:

3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-3,3-dimethyl-11-aryl-2H-pyridazino[1,2-a]indazole-1,6,9(11H)-triones 5a-j were synthesized by a one-pot cyclocondensation of four components such as succinic anhydride, hydrazine hydrate, benzaldehyde derivatives and dimedone at room temperature through a multicomponent reaction and solvent-free condition by using 1-methylimidazolium trinitromethanide {[HMIM]C(NO2)3} as a very effective ionic liquid catalyst. All synthesized compounds which are soluble in DMSO were subjected to antibacterial activity assay against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Results showed that the compounds had antibacterial activity against some bacteria tested. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the compounds was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Our results indicated that most of the compounds had excellent dose-dependent antiradical properties. Based on obtained data, the compounds possessed moderate to excellent bactericidal effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the compounds 5b and 5g exhibited the most antiproliferative potencies against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), A549 (non-small lung carcinoma) and AGS (gastric carcinoma) cell lines.

Biography:

Javed N Agrewala has completed his PhD at the age of 26 years from the Agra University and postdoctoral studies from Royal Postgradutae Medical School, London. He is the Professor and Dean Research at the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India. He has published more than 100 papers in the journals of high repute lile ‘Autophagy, PloS Pathogens, Trends Molecular Medcine, Immunol Rev., J Immunol., J Biol Chem., J Infect Dis., J Proteome Res., Eur J Immunol., etc.

Abstract:

Host-directed therapies are gaining considerable impetus following the observation that there is an enhancement in the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens due to antibiotics therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to exploit alternative and novel strategies directed to host molecules to successfully restrict the infections. The C-type lectin receptor (Clec4e) and Toll-like receptor (TLR-4) expressed by the host cells are the first line defense system to encounter pathogens. Therefore, for the first time, we exploited the role of signaling of macrophages through Clec4e in association with TLR-4 (C₄.T₄) in restricting the proliferation Mtb. Intriguingly, we observed significant improvement in the host immunity and decline in the bacterial load in the lungs of Mtb-infected mice and Guinea pigs. Further, intracellular killing of Mtb was achieved with 10-fold lesser dose of isoniazid or rifampicin in conjunction with C₄.T₄ than the drugs alone. Activation of NF-κB, phosphorylation of PI3K, STAT-1 and lysosome biogenesis, resulted in repressed Il-10 and Il-4 genes expression and enhanced autophagy. For the first time, the present finding unveils the novel role of Clec4e in inducing autophagy. This study suggests a novel immunotherapy involving Clec4e in conjunction with TLR-4 in restricting the survival of Mtb through autophagy. 

Biography:

Jason C. Romero has completed his Medical Degree at the age of 28 years from The University of Perpetual Help System Dalta School of Medicine in LasPinas Metro Manila Philippines. He had his Residency training in Internal Medicine at Perpetual Help Medical Center Laspinas, and passed the Diplomate exam in Internal Medicine last March 2019. He is currently doing his fellowship training in in Pulmonary Medicine.

Abstract:

We are presented with a 60 female of Asian descent with unremarkable PMHX & FMX, complaining of upper back pain with right upper arm pain and weakness for a month treated. A Week prior to admission, progression of weakness, numbness with right sided hemiplegia but with no constitutional symptoms seek consult and was admitted. On work up, CBC, urinalysis, electrolytes, lipid profile, BUA, amylase, lipase, liver, kidney, CK enzymes, Troponin I, Cranial CT scan, sputum GS/CS and AFB where all unremarkable. CXR- revealed bibasal pneumonia and Throracolumbar xray- compression fracture at T6.  Antibiotic, steroid and pain medication was started, Chest CT scan with contrast revealed area of consolidation in the superior segment of the right lower lobe suspicious for broncho-alveolar new growth severely compressing the T6 fracture. An initial diagnosis of pathologic compression vs Potts infection was entertained. She was referred to Orthopedic service and interventional radiology service where MRI thoracic spine with contrast revealed compression fracture T5, T6 and T7. CT scan guided biopsy was done revealing pathology highly suggestive of chronic granulomatous inflammation. Slight improvement with antibiotic, steroids and pain medications hence bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and biopsy was done revealing reactive respiratory epithelium and chronic inflammation with no evidence of malignancy. Anti koch’s regimen was started prompting a drastic improvement on her symptoms and was eventually discharged. History taking, with good physical examination, guided by diagnostics are the key component in proper diagnosis and treatment specially in our country where Tuberculosis is rampant. 

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Kampanart Chaychoowong has completed his Master in Public Health at the age of 25 years from Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and been studying PhD in Health Studies at the Faculty of Health Science, University of Hull. He is a public health instructor at Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Chonburi, the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. He has got award as the best oral presentation of research entitled: Factors associated with patient’s delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients at tuberculosis clinic of Prachuap Khiri Khan Hospital, by Bureau of Knowledge Management, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand in 2010.  
 

Abstract:

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex.Although there are many awareness-raising and prevention campaigns, it remains a major global health problem. It has been long recognised that delayed presentation, diagnosis and treatment leads to increased levels transmission and mortality. A qualitative research aimed to describe life experiences affected by delays in treatment among 25 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were treated at the tuberculosis clinic under the Nakhon Ratchasima Provincial Public Health Office, Thailand, from October 1 - December 30, 2018. The data were collected by in-depth interview, then analysed by the Content analysis, and managed with the NVivo version 12. The findings showed that there were 2 major consequences of delays in treatment. The patient-related consequences, patients claimed that they had severe symptoms before getting treatment which affected their daily-life involving stopping or leaving from their job. Eventually, they predicted that they might have the worst symptoms or die. Moreover, the community-related consequences, they had opinions that they could spread TB to others in their family, community, or society. However, some patients felt that they could not spread TB germs to others. In conclude, these findings lead to an improvement of the controlling TB strategies in order to exchange of knowledge and experience of TB patients regarding life experiences affected by delays with promoting and encouraging people to have correct knowledge, understanding, and awareness about tuberculosis which will help to reduce the severity of the disease, mortality rate, transmission rate in the community.

Biography:

Surekha have organized & participated as resource person in various training programmes. Attended more than 110 conferences/ workshops & seminars and published around 82 papers. Reviewer of Indian Journal of Community Medicine & Indian Journal of Community Health, National Health perspective, National Jr of Community & Family Medicine, president of CARCON. 

Abstract:

Government of India has mandated all practitioners to notify cases of Tuberculosis either through a web based portal or mobile application termed as “Nikshay”.  Nikshay literally means “Eradication of Tuberculosis”.  It is already documented that healthcare practitioners do not comply with the mandatory notifications.  Current study was planned with an objective to review Tuberculosis diagnosis and notification by medical colleges in Uttarakhand.

A retrospective observation record based study of Tuberculosis cases notified in Nikshay in calendar years 2016- 2018 (3 years) was conducted. Records were collected from medical colleges in Uttarakhand through quarterly reports. Aggregated data was analysed using SPSS 23.0 version. 

Out of seven medical colleges located in Uttarakhand; all had functional DMC and one medical college had functional CBNAAT and 1 DR-TB centre. There was increase in number of cased diagnosed by medical colleges 1073, 2377 and 5047 in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. Tuberculosis cases diagnosed by medical colleges were 22.57% among all diagnosed cases in Uttarakhand in 2018. Also number of cases diagnosed by medical colleges as microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB, clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TB increased over three years. Among the cases diagnosed by medical colleges 75.96% were notified to Nikshay portal. 

Gradual increase in cased diagnosed as well as notified by medical colleges over three years. However, notification remains a grave concern since among the total diagnosed cases only two third were notified.  Efforts should be made to ensure notification of all diagnosed cases to Nikshay leading effective case management and tracking the TB patient.